The various types of guidance and
counselling services were identified by Olayinka (1993) and Idowu (1996) as:
1. Educational
Services: Educational service
is aimed at assisting the students to make the best use of their educational
opportunities. These opportunities include choice of the right subject
combination, the educational programme where a choice is needed to help them
study effectively in order to make students overcome examination anxiety and to
plan a study programme effectively
Education is the
greatest investment in human resources and can be appropriately delivered only
by adequately qualified teachers. Since no nation can rise above the quality of
its teachers, the provision of well-trained and equipped teachers in guidance
and counselling is a major requisite for national development
2. Vocational
Services: Vocational services
deals with problems of selecting, training and adjusting to occupations. Smith
(1997) presented vocational counselling as a systematic study of each school
leaver with a view to suggesting possible career or jobs. Super and Egbochukwu
(2008) defined it as “the process of helping the individual to ascertain,
accept, understand and apply the relevant facts about occupational world which
are ascertained through incidental and planned explanatory activities”. The
term vocational guidance is considered to be the process of helping a person
match his personal attributes and his background with suitable jobs and employment
opportunities (Idowu, 1996). Vocational service therefore, is aimed at helping
students make good vocational adjustment, and to help facilitate smooth
functioning economy through effective use of man-power.
3. Personal
Counselling Services: Personal
services aim at dealing with interpersonal problems and problems of life
adjustment with fellow students, parents and teachers. It also deals with
psychological issues that tend to block academic achievements of students.
According to Idowu (1996), personal service is a personalized services or
interview between the counsellor and the counselee or client during which the
client seeks expert assistance from the counselee regarding the solution of his
problem. It is personalized in the sense that the client has a personal problem
which requires privacy and confidentiality for discussion with helping experts.
Such problems may include emotional problems, family problems, sexual
difficulties or other psychological problems.
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