Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
Education
is the process of acquiring skills, knowledge, attitude, abilities, values,
competencies and acceptable behaviour in the society (Tahir,
2006). It has today been recognized as
one of the significant means of social change. Education is a vital weapon to
eradicate illiteracy, poverty and ignorance hence the Universal Basic Education
(UBE) was introduced in Nigeria by the government under the leadership of Chief
Olusegun Obasanjo as the then Head of State (Japa, 2008). The Universal Basic Education (UBE) is a
reformed programme in Basic Education delivery meant to reinforce the
implementation of the National Policy on Education (NPE) as well as to provide
greater access and ensure quality throughout the Federation. The Universal Basic
Education has been seen as a very ambitious educational programme whose primary
focus is to stimulate and accelerate national development, political
consciousness and national integration.
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The
main reason according to Adomen, Arhedo and Omoife (2007) for introducing UBE
into the education system in Nigeria are: to fulfill the commitments of Nigeria
to the provision of basic education to its people as a member of the global
community, remedy the sorry situation of the education system in which in 1999
the literacy rate was said to be 52%, only 14.1 million of the 21 million
children of school group age were in the school, the completion rate was 64%
while the transition to junior secondary was only 43.5% (UBE, 2000). Also,
there existed in the education system substantial shortcomings in Nigeria’s
institutional and personnel capacities for the delivery of a sound basic
education for all citizens. Thus, if the nation had to attain the desired 100
percent literacy rate by 2015 and make education available to all of its
citizens at this shortest possible time, it had to take quick and urgent steps
to universalize basic.
However,
the importance of UBE to enhance areas and equity education in Nigeria, its
implementation has not been effective. According to Ibadin and Osagie (2009)
just like the UPE in the past, the UBE programme implementation has been
hindered by various functions. And for meaningful development to take place in
any nation, appropriate attention has to be given towards the growth and
development of its educational system. In this regard the National Policy on
Education (FRN, 2004) emphasized that for effective and quality education to
take place there is need to:
- Develop the entire citizenry, a strong
consciousness for education and a strong commitment to the vigorous promotions.
- Make provision for free Universal Basic Education
for every Nigerian child of school age.
- Reduce the incidence of dropout from formal school
system through improved relevance, quality and efficiency.
- Ensure the acquisition of the appropriate levels
of literacy, numeracy, communicative and life skills as well as the ethical,
moral and civil values needed for laying of a solid foundation for lifelong
learning.
To this effect, lots of efforts have been made
to ensure universalization of access to education so that everybody will have
the benefit of education since no nation can rise above the quality of its
educated citizenry (Ajayi, 2002).ORDER FOR THIS MATERIAL NOW, CALL +2347034538881
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