Guidance is a process whereby an
individual is helped to understand himself in all ramifications, so that he can
effectively utilize his potentialities or talents. It is the assistance made available
by competent counsellors to an individual of any age to help him direct his own
life, develop his own point of view, make his own decisions, carry his own
burdens (Uwaifo & Uddin, 2009). According to Egbochukwu and Iyamu (2000),
guidance is that aspect of educational programme which is concerned especially
with helping the pupil to become adjusted to
his present situation and to plan
his future in line with his interests, abilities and social needs.
According to Anagbogu (1992), Guidance
involves personal help given by someone; it is designed to assist a person to
decide where he wants to go, what he wants to do or how he can best accomplish
his purpose; it assists him to solve problems that arise in his life. Guidance is a process which helps every individual to
help himself, to recognize and use his own inner potentials, to set goals, to work
out his own problems of development. It is a continuous
process needed from childhood to old age; guidance is not separate from education
but is an essential part of the total educational programme. It is broader than
counselling and includes counselling as one of its services. According to Adugbo
(2005), the two phases of counselling are 'adjustive' and 'distributive'. In
adjustive phase,
the emphasis is on the social, personal and emotional
problems of the individual; in the distributive
phase the focus is on his educational, vocational and occupational problems. Nwaokolo (2006) has described Adugbo's
distributive phase as guidance and adjustive phase
as counselling.
To Olayinka and Omoegun (2001),
guidance programme is based on eight principles, which are:
1.
The
dignity of the individual is supreme.
2.
Individuals
differ.
3.
The
primary concern of guidance is the individual in his social setting.
4.
The
attitudes and personal perceptions of the individual are the bases on which he
acts
5.
Individual
generally acts to enhance his perceived self
6.
The
individual has the innate ability to learn and can be helped to make choice
that will lead to self-direction consistent with social improvement
7.
The
individual needs a continuous guidance process from early childhood through
adulthood
8.
Each
individual may at times need the information and personal assistance best given
by competent professional person.
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