Examination malpractice is caused by several factors in Nigeria. Mibibon (2004) and Asagwara (2006) agreed in their submission that, the desire to pass at all cost is responsible for exact for examination malpractice.
Economic Factor: Economic factor has been seen as a factor contributing to malpractice, such as inadequate facilities classroom, teaching aids, and libraries etc. Thus, affecting directing directly or indirectly the quality of teaching in our institution. This situation is further compounded by the prevailing economic leadership manifesting in the lack of basic needs of students (e.g food, books etc).
High cost of examination fees is also a case in point. In 2009 West African Examination Council charged N3500.00 as examination fees for eight subjects in school certificate and general certificate of education, ordinary level, now it charged about N10, 000.00. Added to this is the linking fees charged by Joint Admission and Matriculation Board and further fees for Post-Jamb by most institutions. Therefore for a student to fail an examination and repeat it is usually difficult because of the cost. Both parents and children are now taking to various, ways of making sure that examination is passed once and for all.
Environmental/Social Factors
The society from which children draw their moral standard appears to be corrupt and morally bankrupt. While the youths and adult engage in examination malpractice, they find parallel malpractice in other spheres of the society and conclude perhaps that everybody is kneel-deep in one type of immorality or another (The Guardian, June 24, 2001).
Kholberg (2002) went further to say morally, healthy candidate cannot engage in examination malpractice while candidates with low moral judgment level see nothing wrong in cheating.
Staff Factors:
Social-Political Factors
In Nigeria, quota system is always used to determine pass rates in most publicly organized examinations. Where a student perceived that success dependent on the number of available places rather than on attaining a given level of performance, they may conclude that success is due to factors beyond their control. They may feel that success cannot be guaranteed by hard work and become poorly motivated, because they are poorly prepared for the examination, they may see little alternative to resorting to malpractice. Similarly, some children of powerful and wealthy parents who cannot cope with the pressure of working very hard resort to cheating and unconventional method of passing prescribed examinations, Mbibom (1997).
Economic Factor: Economic factor has been seen as a factor contributing to malpractice, such as inadequate facilities classroom, teaching aids, and libraries etc. Thus, affecting directing directly or indirectly the quality of teaching in our institution. This situation is further compounded by the prevailing economic leadership manifesting in the lack of basic needs of students (e.g food, books etc).
High cost of examination fees is also a case in point. In 2009 West African Examination Council charged N3500.00 as examination fees for eight subjects in school certificate and general certificate of education, ordinary level, now it charged about N10, 000.00. Added to this is the linking fees charged by Joint Admission and Matriculation Board and further fees for Post-Jamb by most institutions. Therefore for a student to fail an examination and repeat it is usually difficult because of the cost. Both parents and children are now taking to various, ways of making sure that examination is passed once and for all.
Environmental/Social Factors
The society from which children draw their moral standard appears to be corrupt and morally bankrupt. While the youths and adult engage in examination malpractice, they find parallel malpractice in other spheres of the society and conclude perhaps that everybody is kneel-deep in one type of immorality or another (The Guardian, June 24, 2001).
Kholberg (2002) went further to say morally, healthy candidate cannot engage in examination malpractice while candidates with low moral judgment level see nothing wrong in cheating.
Staff Factors:
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Extreme poverty can cause some deprivation of the basic necessities of life. Most teachers and officials experience poverty because of proper conditions of service. Their salary levels are frequently below the poverty line. As a result some of them can be easily lured by financial temptations when they are invigilating or marking examination papers. Parents know this and tend to capitalized on this chronic weakness of teachers who constitute the bulk of invigilators of examination. (Denga and Denga 2004). Most teachers are not trained; therefore they cannot handle teaching effectively and meaningfully. Some teachers and school administrators’ aids their student success in public examinations. They do this, because of the strong believe that the reputation of the school is dependent on the student’s performance in public examinations especially where official and unofficial results league tables of school are published.Social-Political Factors
In Nigeria, quota system is always used to determine pass rates in most publicly organized examinations. Where a student perceived that success dependent on the number of available places rather than on attaining a given level of performance, they may conclude that success is due to factors beyond their control. They may feel that success cannot be guaranteed by hard work and become poorly motivated, because they are poorly prepared for the examination, they may see little alternative to resorting to malpractice. Similarly, some children of powerful and wealthy parents who cannot cope with the pressure of working very hard resort to cheating and unconventional method of passing prescribed examinations, Mbibom (1997).
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