By its very nature, child abuse is threatening and disruptive to normal child development.
The very person charged with the care and nurturing of a child, and to whom the child turns for food, love and safety, can cause the child pain and injury. The child then learns to distrust adults. Children who are neglected and abuse exhibit a wide array of characteristics and behaviours. Most common among these are anger, acting out, depression, anxiety, aggression, social withdrawal, low self-esteem and sleep difficulties.
At the extreme end, abuse can cause a child to dissociate and develop disorders such as schizophrenia, amnesia and personality disorder. Personality disorder is a mental disorder that affects a person’s ability to function in every day activities such as work, school and interpersonal relationships. Borderline personality disorder is a frequent diagnosis for children who are victims of abuse or neglect. Symptoms can include paranoia, lack of impulse control, limited range of emotions, and inability to form close and lasting relationships.
(Frederico, Jackson et al, 2007 and 2008) in associating child abuse and neglect with negative consequences, it is important to consider a child abuse history rather than one isolated episode of abuse. Research investigating the effect child abuse and neglect has on overall physical health has largely focused on outcomes in adult hood.
However, data from longitudinal studies of child abuse and neglect (LONGSCAN) in the United States has indicated strong associations between abuse/neglect and health problems in children/adolescents (Flaberty, et al 2006 to 2009) found that exposure to one adverse experience double the odds of children having overall poor physical health at the age of 6 years and tripled them if children had experience fair or more adverse experiences.
Children affected by child abuse or child labour tend to be more isolated at school compared to other groups of children and have difficulty making friends (Hidyard and Wolf, 2002).
Despite the growing national and international concern on child work, controversy exists among stakeholders, scholars and policy makers concerning the variables which influence family decision to set school children at work for the purposes of augmenting family income and the effects on school achievement.
The very person charged with the care and nurturing of a child, and to whom the child turns for food, love and safety, can cause the child pain and injury. The child then learns to distrust adults. Children who are neglected and abuse exhibit a wide array of characteristics and behaviours. Most common among these are anger, acting out, depression, anxiety, aggression, social withdrawal, low self-esteem and sleep difficulties.
At the extreme end, abuse can cause a child to dissociate and develop disorders such as schizophrenia, amnesia and personality disorder. Personality disorder is a mental disorder that affects a person’s ability to function in every day activities such as work, school and interpersonal relationships. Borderline personality disorder is a frequent diagnosis for children who are victims of abuse or neglect. Symptoms can include paranoia, lack of impulse control, limited range of emotions, and inability to form close and lasting relationships.
(Frederico, Jackson et al, 2007 and 2008) in associating child abuse and neglect with negative consequences, it is important to consider a child abuse history rather than one isolated episode of abuse. Research investigating the effect child abuse and neglect has on overall physical health has largely focused on outcomes in adult hood.
However, data from longitudinal studies of child abuse and neglect (LONGSCAN) in the United States has indicated strong associations between abuse/neglect and health problems in children/adolescents (Flaberty, et al 2006 to 2009) found that exposure to one adverse experience double the odds of children having overall poor physical health at the age of 6 years and tripled them if children had experience fair or more adverse experiences.
Children affected by child abuse or child labour tend to be more isolated at school compared to other groups of children and have difficulty making friends (Hidyard and Wolf, 2002).
Despite the growing national and international concern on child work, controversy exists among stakeholders, scholars and policy makers concerning the variables which influence family decision to set school children at work for the purposes of augmenting family income and the effects on school achievement.
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