CHAPTER TWO
2.0 THEORETICAL REVIEW
2.1 AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
Agricultural development is most desirable in almost every nation of
the world, whatever the stage of the economy of the nation.
According to Todaro (1977) agricultural development occurs when
substantial productive capacity and high output per worker permits a very small
number of farmers to feed the entire nation.
Soyambola tomori (1979) has more broad conception of agricultural
development to him, the physical requirements for agricultural development may
generally be considered to be improved farming techniques with proper and
adequate use of such inputs as fertilizers, pesticides, improved seeds, water
storage facilities, marketing and transportation.
However, the adoption of these innovations techniques and inputs used
by large number of farmers depends on their willingness and ability to do so.
From the above, it could be said that for,
agricultural development to take place, support is need from other sectors of
the economy since it needs improve seeds, improved varieties of livestock,
fisheries etc. inputs like fertilizers, pesticides, machinery and equipment and
implements all of which are produced outside agriculture.
Obasanjo (1976) summarized in four ways how greater productivity and
output contribute to an economy‟s development.
(i) By supplying food stuff and raw materials to other expanding
sectors of the economy.
(ii) Providing an investable surplus of saving and taxes to support
investment in another expanding sector.
(i) Selling for cash a marketable surplus that
will raise the demand for rural population for products of the expanding
sector.
(ii) Relating the foreign exchange constraint by earning foreign
exchange through exports or by saving foreign exchange through sub situation.
Local consumption and export on the part of the government, emphasis
was placed on research extension, marketing and pricing of export based
crops to the neglect of food crops subsector.
In general, the performance of agricultural sector during this ear was
satisfactory as it fulfilled its major roles by making food importation less
pronounced, but generated a foreign exchange through the balance of payments.
During the period 1970- 1985, Government intervention was very
pronounced, what gave rise to this was the fear that the sector was no longer
performing its primary roles, a variety of macro and micro economic policies
were introduced. The revenue from the crude oil export, government macro
economic policies became expansionary while sectored policies emphasized
directly on government involvement in agricultural production.
The Nigerian Agricultural and Co-operative Bank Ltd.
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