The causes of examination malpractice can be broadly classified into two – external and internal, that is, institution and society based.
External Factors: These are factors or determinants of examination malpractice which are outside the school environment but which govern, control, dictate and interpret all that happens within the school system. Akpotu (1998) listed them to include:
External Factors: These are factors or determinants of examination malpractice which are outside the school environment but which govern, control, dictate and interpret all that happens within the school system. Akpotu (1998) listed them to include:
1. The Moral Tone of the Society: It is a statement of truth that the school, like any other social institution, does not exist in vacuum, rather it exists within a geopolitical and social milieu. Hence, behaviours are expected to conform and reflect with acceptable societal norms and mores as regards various functional roles and execution of duties and services. Okafor (1990) blamed the society for examination malpractice according to him, in a country where dishonesty has been enshrined by the adult sector as an idol of worship, children have learnt to steal with impunity. However, examination malpractice in all shades and forms has become the order of the day among our students at all levels of the educational arrangement.
2. The Value System of the Society: Examination malpractice is the product of a society that nurtures cheats and mediocre and turns them into celebrities. It is a reflection of the moral decadence of our society where we have pen robbers, armed robbers, smugglers and drug barons who are gloried by the grace of their ill-gotten wealth (Jibril, 1991).
3. The Role of Parents and Adult Members of the Society: Parents provide their children and wards with money to buy live examination questions. also, the Nigerian youths so innocently and helplessly watch their parents and the older members of the society and even law enforcement agents as they engage in their various dubious business deals. Thus, the corrupt practices of parents and adult members of the society consciously and unconsciously influence the value judgment of the Nigerian youth. Above all, the cooperation which the youths received from the adult members of the society and of the school in perpetuating examination malpractice further encourage and teach the innocent youth that society so cherish uphold the great evil – examination malpractice (Akpotu, 1998). According to him, another role which parents play in the perpetuation of examination malpractice is their inflected expectation from their children. Most parents often dictate the course or discipline they want their children to pursue. Such parents desire to achieve their unattained dreams in their children without due consideration of the child’s intellectual ability. In the circumstance, different illegal means will be adopted to make the child what he cannot be.
4. The Role of Government Agencies: Government agencies in charge of education and examinations like the Ministry of Education, WAEC officials, supervisors and invigilators as well as the law enforcement agents contribute in different ways to examination malpractice. These agencies and bodies, either by omission or commission connive, aid and abet while at the same time pretend to be against examination malpractice.
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