School Based Assessment

School Based Assessment

        Assessment and schooling go hand in hand. The assessment in learners’ and learning is a regular practice in education and are used to determine how far learners have learnt or mastered and educational task or knowledge or how well an educational process has addressed its set objectives. Anikweze (2005) precisely refers to assessment as the “process of investigating the status or standard of learners’ attainment, with reference to expected outcomes that must have been specified as objectives” when it concerns learnt output. The assessment of learners is often ongoing in many school set up. In fact, it is even undertaken as a basis for admitting students into the school. Assessment involves the practical assignment of numbers or figures to describe the quantity, quality or frequency of learning as the basis to interpret knowledge acquired.

How to reduce fat: 5 Simple Fat-Blasting Ingredients to Add to Your Water

Since we all need to drink plenty of water anyway--and even more so as the weather heats up--why not give your H2O a little extra nutrition (and flavor!) with these fat-blasting additions?

According to Dr. Shilpi Agarwal, a family medicine and integrative medicine physician, adding these foods to your water can actually help boost your metabolism as you sip.

Citrus fruits: Dr. Agarwal--who suggests lemons or oranges--says that citrus fruits are fabulous sources of vitamin C. "On a cellular level, in order for the body to mobilize fat stores and use them as energy, vitamin C is required in this reaction as a cofactor," she says. "Adding vitamin C to your diet is a great way to boost energy and fat burning. The best way to add this is in slices to your water. This way, the fruit slowly flavors your water, and when you are done, consuming the fruit is a great source of fiber-another natural fat burner."

Causes of Examination Malpractice

Examination malpractice is caused by many factors which include:
a.    Student Factors: The students are the primary culprits in all matters of examination malpractice. Factors under student issues include:
i.    Laziness and lack of interest in academic work. Most students are generally lazy, they do not attend classes as at when due, and so become ill-prepared for examinations. Students often think they will be helped during examinations; therefore they pay little or no attention to hard work.
ii.    Inability of the students to cope with school work (examination expectations).
iii.    Inadequate preparation for examination by students is another major student factor that contributes to examination malpractice. Most students have very poor study habits and cannot cover their syllabuses before examination.

The Relevance of Sex Education to Moral Values and Academic Achievement

Formal education is needed to provide the child adequate information about his or herself. Sex education is designed to answer questions which young people ask about sex and marriage. For example, an adolescent child between 12 to 20 years of age, suddenly becomes aware of the changes that are taking place in his or her sex organs and therefore seeks various avenues to get answers to these sexual urges. It therefore become necessary that the young and old alike should acquire a good background of sex education and marital guidance for happy home life which is the bedrock of academic excellence in schools.
Personality development of a child takes its roots from his physical environment which is the home. All types of human behaviour are influenced by the environment and this includes:

Remedies to Examination Malpractice

In view of the magnitude examination malpractice has assured in our society, curbing it permanently in our school cannot be an easy task. Nwosu (2004) identified the following ways through while examination malpractice could be tackled.
Moral Teachings
Moral instruction is detailed information which concerns the principles of right and wrong behaviours. Human morality springs from emotional disposition that and hardwired into species. Man is complete entity, and there is no emphasis on the development of the whole individual that can play out morals. All children are born with a running start on the path to moral development. These children grow up becoming an adult in the society, this more reasons why children should be trained in self-discipline and fed with useful instructions.

Use of Theory of Measurement Error to Explain the Menace of Examination Malpractice

The harm perpetuated by examination malpractice can be properly understood by using a popular educational measurement equation, which is:
    X = T ± E
Where X = Observed score (one given by examiner to any student in a given examination as representing the student’s ability).

Early Marriage Influence and Female Teaching Aspiration

Marriage is defined as a means by which society regulates sexual behaviour provided for the bearing of children and allowed for the economic maintenance of the family unit. Marriage therefore, is a concept with varying definition by people in different profession (Ebenuwa-Okoh, 1995). Early marriage in this study is a marriage that takes place at early stage of a female.

THE PRINCIPLES OF STRESS MANAGEMENT.

Stress is a common phenomenon associated with leadership and is unavoidable when effectiveness of the organization is paramount. Therefore, how they are managed so as to achieve and maintain

Concept of UBE and Its Scope

Basic education results from a global search for an answer to the challenges of preparing people for meaningful living in a learning society (Obanya, 2000). UBE is a close articulation of the formal and non-formal education. That is, it’s a community based and functional education programme comprising of a wide variety of education programmes aimed at promoting reading, writing and numerical skills aimed at individual and natural development and empowerment (Echebe, 2010).

        The concept of UBE originated from some of the provisions in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. The essential deductions of this declaration, according to Akinkugbe (1994) are:

1.  Everyone has right to education;

2.  Elementary education should be compulsory while technical and professional education shall be made generally available;

3.  Higher education should be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit; and

4.  Parents have a right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.

The idea of UBE is contained in some presentations at World Conference on Education For All. Wokocha and Onwebunwa (2000) cited WCEFA (1990) thus:

This goal of basic education is to help ensure a safer, healthier, more prosperous and environmentally sound world. To accomplish this, every child, youth and adult needs to participate in educational opportunities design to meet their basic learning needs. They need the basic skills, values and attitudes required to being able to survive, live and work in dignity in today’s world. Every person needs the knowledge to improve the quality of their own life and to continue learning.

UBE therefore is aimed at producing an individual with a sound mind and body capable of affecting his society in a meaningful and beneficial way. Education which shall be made compulsory (Echebe, 2010). According to him, every child must be in school till age of 15. It is expected that every Nigerian child must get to the level that enables him to consolidate the gains of literacy, numeracy, life skills, develop acceptable social and citizenship behaviour and internalize the habit of learning the actual goal of the UBE programme is to eradicate illiteracy as a basis for meaningful social, economic and political development as well as scientific and technological developmental advancement.

The UBE scheme is meant to be compulsory. This is because of the following provisions in the UBE Act (2004):

1.  Every parent shall ensure that his/her child or ward attends and completes:

a.   Primary school education and

b.  Junior secondary school education

2.  The stakeholders in a local government area shall ensure that every parent or person who has the care and custody of a child performs the duty imposed on him/her under the Universal Basic Education Act (2004);

3.  Every parent shall ensure that his/her child receives full time education suitable to his/her age, ability and aptitude by regular attendance at school; and

4.  A parent who does not enroll or who withdraws his/her child/ward from school contravenes Section 2(2) of the UBE Act, and therefore commits an offence and is liable to:

a.   On first conviction, to be reprimanded;

b.  On second conviction, to a fine of N2,000 or imprisonment for a term of one month or to both; and

c.   On subsequent conviction, to a fine of N5,000 or imprisonment for a term of two months or both.

Therefore, in scope, the UBE Act (2004) emphasized that the Federal Government’s intervention shall only be in form of an assistance to the state and the local governments for the purpose of uniform and qualitative basic education throughout Nigeria. The Act covers:

1.  Early Childhood Care and Education;

2.  Six years of primary education;

3.  Three years of junior secondary education;

4.  Out-of-school, non-formal programmes for updating the knowledge and skills of persons who left school before acquiring the basic needed for life-long learning;

5.  Special programmes for nomadic populations; and

6.  Non-formal skills and apprenticeship training for adolescents and youth who have not had the benefits of formal education (Obanya, 2001).

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Need for Guidance and Counselling

Guidance and counselling is usually needed when a person is confronted with a problem he/she feels he/she cannot solve by himself or, with the help of his parents, relatives and friends. According to Uwaifo and Uddin (2009), the purpose of counselling is to facilitate wise choice and certain decision on which a person’s later development depends.

AN EVALUATION OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING PRACTICE IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS CHAPTER ONE

Chapter One

Introduction

Background of the Study

Education is said to be an accumulated experience that has a determinant effect on human character and mind. As a process, through which societal values, norms, principles, ethos, and skills can adequately be conveyed. Individuals need education in order to acquire this accumulated knowledge (Idowu, 1996). The educational system in Nigeria is not far from  the  technical  aspect  of  education  in  that  it  is  all  involving  as  a  process  of transmitting the societal norms and values toward the development of the nation.  An overview of the colonial educational system provided, revealed gross inadequacy and unsatisfactory to the educational ingenuity, yearnings and aspirations of the nation (Nwaokolo, 2006). Thus many scholars opined that this formal educations was parochial, elitist, regurgitate and irresponsive to the need and aspirations of the Nigerian society. In view of these, an effort to put  quality  into the  Nigerian  Education resulted  in instituting  a  well define educational  system  that  will be  instrumental  in affecting  national  development. It is believed that education goals in terms of its relevance to the need of the individual as well as in terms of the kind of society desired in relation to the environment and realities of the modern world and rapid social changes should be clearly set out (National   Policy on Education, 2004). 

Possible Solutions to Examination Malpractice

Possible Solutions to Examination Malpractice

 The students should always be enlightened through the service of guidance counselors on the consequences of examination malpractice (Oche and Achuk, 2001). According to them, there is the need for propaganda campaign on the evil effects of examination malpractices; short drama programmes could serve as a back-up to campaigns on televisions and radios. Parents should be made to understand the ability and aptitude should be the main determinant of the children’s choice of career and that persuading and enforcing children to study courses they cannot cope with leads to frustration and maladjustment.

        The home is the foundation of society. Parents should acknowledge this fact and ensure that their families make meaningful contributions towards the building of a virile education for our nation (Akpotu, 1998). In his view, like the Japanese mothers, the Nigerian parents should be seriously and genuinely committed to the education of their children. The concern of the Nigerian towards the education of their children should take the shape of the Japanese system.

        Furthermore, the students need to realize the eminent danger and problems they stand to encounter by involving in examination malpractice. They should also realize that the ideal reward for learning should be intrinsic and as future leaders of the nation, they are expected to improve upon the performance of the adults and correct the wrongful practices of the adults (Akpotu, 1998).

        Finally, there should be special committee and task force to fight against examination malpractice. Building of more classroom blocks to avoid overcrowding of pupils in classrooms especially during examination.

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ANALYSIS OF ACADEMIC DISHONESTY IN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS

Abstract

The study was designed to investigate academic dishonesty in higher education in Delta State. To direct the study, five research questions were stated. The population of the study comprised all tertiary students in higher institutions in Delta State. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design and the sample size was one thousand students randomly sampled from the Federal University, State University, Polytechnics and Colleges of Education. Data for the study were collected using researcher’s developed questionnaire. In analyzing the data collected, the researcher used

School Based Assessment

 

School Based Assessment

        Assessment and schooling go hand in hand. The assessment in learners’ and learning is a regular practice in education and are used to determine how far learners have learnt or mastered and educational task or knowledge or how well an educational process has addressed its set objectives. Anikweze (2005) precisely refers to assessment as the “process of investigating the status or standard of learners’ attainment, with reference to expected outcomes that must have been specified as objectives” when it concerns learnt output. The assessment of learners is often ongoing in many school set up. In fact, it is even undertaken as a basis for admitting students into the school. Assessment involves the practical assignment of numbers or figures to describe the quantity, quality or frequency of learning as the basis to interpret knowledge acquired.

Fairness in School Based Assessment

 

Fairness in School Based Assessment

        Recent trend across the globe is the concern on fairness in matters concerning the various issues in education. In some context, fairness and equity are used synonymously. Fairness or equal opportunity in assessment relates to two issues. Fairness in comparison, in essence, have the group being tested had the same opportunity to learn? (Uwakwe, 2005).

The Role and Importance of Mathematics

The Role and Importance of Mathematics

        Mathematics has been defined by different authors in various ways but it is generally accepted as the science of numbers, shapes, symbols and the link between them. Mathematics is the bedrock of technology. It is “a basic scientific tool in realizing the nation’s scientific and technological aspiration” (Ezeugo and Agowah, 2000). It plays an indispensable role in national development. Mathematics is indispensable because it has substantial use in all other human activities. It provides simple knowledge and skills needed by an individual in dealing with the problems of everyday life.

THE COST OF POOR COMMUNICATION

THE COST OF POOR COMMUNICATION

What happens to bosses who don’t learn to communicate well? Their employees do not trust what they say and seek information elsewhere.Only about half of the people surveyed said that they learn what’s going on with the boss by listening to what he or she says. The rest “watch” body language, listen to tone of voice, or go so far as to ask somebody else in the organization.

   What makes an authentic leader? The survey asked two open-ended questions. Bates Communications categorized the respondents’ answers into ten key dimensions of leadership. The number one quality that authentic leaders conveyed was honesty/integrity. Since these were openended responses, we treated them as qualitative data, but each of the dimensions was mentioned by dozens of respondents. Integrity in some form was mentioned by well over half.

     Here is the leadership value system articulated by the survey’s 293 respondents, in roughly descending order:

     Honesty/Integrity. 

People who mentioned integrity referred to both business dealings and personal interactions. The words used to frame this concept were honesty, integrity, ethics, fairness, candor, sincerity, trustworthiness, and truthfulness—qualities that bosses must communicate through what they say and do.

Eight Secrets of Successful CEOs

Secret 5: Be an Optimist

When you are the CEO, you face good times and bad, and you must balance reality with hope. A hallmark of leadership is optimism. The CEO must see and talk about what’s possible. When Bill Ford Jr. ousted CEO Jacques Nasser at Ford Motor Company in 2001, the company was losing billions of dollars. Morale was low, Ford Motor was getting hammered about quality, and speculation about Ford Jr.’s commitment to run the company surfaced in the press and within the industry. 

        At a news conference in June 2003 to announce quarterly earnings, reporters were still hammering away at the weaknesses in Ford Motor Company, but Ford Jr. responded to each question with optimism. “We are back on firm footing,” he said. “I feel good about where we are today and where we are headed.

Eight Secrets of Successful CEOs and Leaders Who Speak Well

Secret 3: Keep It Simple

One problem with many speeches is that they try to do too much. Your message must be simple and straightforward to be remembered. Roger Marino, founder of the high-tech giant EMC, grew up in a working-class neighborhood on Boston’s north shore and got his electrical engineering degree from a co-op school, Northeastern University. Yet, Marino was a salesman at heart. EMC sold one of the least sexy products or services you can imagine—storage systems for computer information— but he and his two partners built a company that went on to dominate the industry. Eight Secrets of Successful CEOs and Leaders Who Speak Well • 19 Marino learned early on how important communication is in business— particularly when it comes to keeping things simple. “When I was in college and I would see one of these engineering professors talking, if I didn’t get what they were talking about, it was annoying,” he said. “I couldn’t figure out why other people thought a professor who couldn’t explain things was so brilliant.” Marino considered the brilliant professors to be the ones who could actually communicate the ideas in ways people could understand. “Communication is everything,” he said. “You really have to hammer a message
home.” Taking his lessons learned in college to the business world, Marino considers the simple message his strength. Keeping it simple is how he keeps people interested and absorbed in the subject at hand—no matter what it is. “I can teach golf or tennis precisely because I don’t have natural ability. I just explain the steps,” he said. “A CEO has to do the same thing: take people from A to B to C.”

Secret 4: Be a Straight Shooter

Eight Secrets of Successful CEOs and Leaders Who Speak Well

“To speak, and to speak well, are two things. A fool may talk, but a wise man speaks.” Ben Jonson,

   

When it comes to public speaking, speakers must technically speak well, but they must also have substance. They must look and sound like leaders—especially if they’re CEOs and executives. Your first focus must be content. Technical skill alone is not enough. 

    Your first concern should be what you say and then how you can make it clear and compelling. The leaders cited in this chapter provide some guidance on powerful messages. Message is the foundation. Without that, you’re just a speaker, not a leader.

Secret 1: Talk About Big Ideas

“He can compress the most words into the smallest ideas of any man I ever met.” Every speech, presentation, or other communication needs one big idea. A big idea is all that most people can remember. A big idea has a life of its own. And it doesn’t require a big speech. It’s big because of its power, not its length.

Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address is 271 words, and it’s one of the best speeches ever given. Back on that day in 1863, the crowd hadn’t even come to hear President Lincoln; they were there to listen to the country’s most famous orator, Edward Everett, who talked for two hours. When Lincoln got up, he gave the address in three minutes. But in three minutes, there was one big idea. He persuaded the nation to fight on. In

Appendix E, you can read the speech.