Needs for Innovation in Teaching Mathematics

Looking to the aims of teaching mathematics it can be seen that more focus is laid to the higher level of objectives underlying the mathematics subject, like critical thinking, analytical thinking, logical reasoning, decision-making, problem-solving. Such objectives are

PRINCIPALS’ DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES AND STRESS MANAGEMENT

 

Introduction

Background of the Study

        Schools like any other organizations are set to achieve some desired goals. Such achievements depend greatly on the type of leadership provided by the principal who does not only interact with his staff and students and other environmental factors that make up the school, but is also confronted with personal characteristics that have vital roles to play in his day-to-day running of the school.

STAGES OF STRESS

 

i.    The Alarm Stage: This is a warning stage, this stage clearly signals the presence of stress agents in the body, and in turn there are physical reactions which tend to be the first to appear. These reactions warns the individual that he has to be on guard as there are stress agents present in the body, and once the individual is aware of these, he or she can take measures to face the problem and solve them. When this is done the effects or aftermath of stress is reduced or not materialized at all. Stress may be from one or multiple sources combined together.

Education and Counselling

Schools are temples of learning and education is preparation for life. Aim of education is all round development and harmonious adjustment of an individual in various aspects of his life. If this is to be achieved, then education is not limited to imparting knowledge as the duty of a teacher and accumulating knowledge as the duty of a student (Ofordile, 2002 & Macloed, 2003). The unique potentialities of each individual along with environmental opportunities will have to be taken into account in making the individual capable of contributing maximum to the society.

Thus for self-realization of the individual, guidance and counselling service is needed. Counselling is a form of education extended to an individual in a scientific manner (Adegoke, 2004).

Possible Solutions to Examination Malpractice

Possible Solutions to Examination Malpractice

 The students should always be enlightened through the service of guidance counselors on the consequences of examination malpractice (Oche and Achuk, 2001). According to them, there is the need for propaganda campaign on the evil effects of examination malpractices; short drama programmes could serve as a back-up to campaigns on televisions and radios. Parents should be made to understand the ability and aptitude should be the main determinant of the children’s choice of career and that persuading and enforcing children to study courses they cannot cope with leads to frustration and maladjustment.

        The home is the foundation of society. Parents should acknowledge this fact and ensure that their families make meaningful contributions towards the building of a virile education for our nation (Akpotu, 1998). In his view, like the Japanese mothers, the Nigerian parents should be seriously and genuinely committed to the education of their children. The concern of the Nigerian towards the education of their children should take the shape of the Japanese system.

        Furthermore, the students need to realize the eminent danger and problems they stand to encounter by involving in examination malpractice. They should also realize that the ideal reward for learning should be intrinsic and as future leaders of the nation, they are expected to improve upon the performance of the adults and correct the wrongful practices of the adults (Akpotu, 1998).

        Finally, there should be special committee and task force to fight against examination malpractice. Building of more classroom blocks to avoid overcrowding of pupils in classrooms especially during examination.

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Concept of Teaching Practice

Teaching practice is an important component of becoming a teacher. It grants student teachers’ experience in actual teaching and learning environment (Ngidi & Sibaya, 2003). During teaching practice a student teacher is given the opportunity to try the act of teaching before actually getting into the real world of the teaching profession. Teaching practice is an integral part of teachers’ education. An introduction to the realities of situation is an essential part of effective professional training. This process also allows the student teachers an appropriate choice to be made.

A comparative study of mathematics

 

Statement of the Problem

        Mathematics is indispensable in the progress of any individual in particular and country at large. It is a unifying subject and students’ interest in science cannot be alienated from mathematics. It is indispensable for scientific and technological development in the society and it has been made a compulsory subject in secondary schools.

        In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in students’ scholastic malfunctioning and underachievement in mathematics. It has been discovered that quite a number of factors tend to combat effective teaching and learning of mathematics in schools, accounting for the said underachievement and scholastic malfunctioning.

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