Revenue Allocation Under President Olusegun Obasanjo (1999-2007)

The proposed formular by Revenue mobilization allocation and fiscal commission gives:
- Federal government -41.3%
- State government – 31%
- Local government – 16%

THE SEARCH FOR EQUITABLE REVENUE ALLOCATION FORMULAR

The search for an equitable revenue allocation formular for the three levels of government in the country has remained contentions over the years. As the revenue mobilization, allocation and fiscal commission (RMAFC) reviews the country’s revenue allocation formular, one begins to wonder if there is, indeed, any justification for increased revenue to the states. And on account of very poor performance, justification for the existence of most local governments is a lot more difficult than

Revenue Allocation Under Abacha Regime 1994-1998

Abacha regime adopted and maintained the formular bequeathed to it by Babangide regime.  This formular is presented below:
- Federal government 48.5%
- State government 24%
- Local government 20%
- Special fund 7.5%

COMPONENTS OF REVENUE ALLOCATION FORMULAR IN NIGERIA

There are two components of the revenue allocation formular used for the disbursement of the federation account as indicate here:
1. Vertical Allocation formular
2. Horizontal Allocation formular

VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL ALLOCATION FORMULAR

INTRODUCTION

Revenue allocation in Nigeria a central theme in government has a historical antecedent. In process, many commissions / committees have been set-up at different times in the Nigeria national history and were saddled with the responsibility of examining various fiscal issues and recommend the best principles and formulas in sharing national revenues to meet up with the challenges of the time.
Some of these commissions/committees are;
1. The Dina Interim Committee (1968)
2. The Raisman commission (1958)
3. The Hicks-phillipson commission (1951)

Research Methodology in Students Attitude towards the Learning of Integrated Science in Secondary School

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0. Introduction 

In this chapter, the methods and procedures used in the study is discussed under the following headings:

 Research design 

 Population of the study 

Present State of Geography

Geography as a school subject has for some decades now been facing serious challenges in virtually all countries of the world. All effort to win back the honoured position of the “mother of today’s disciplines” still continues unabated in virtually all countries of the world, Nigeria inclusive.

Bola (1988) stated that the problem with geography is the way the subject has been taught over the years. The challenges and problems faced by geography in Nigeria and other developing countries are even more serious. The situation is worsened by the peculiar problems of lack of adequate staff, either in terms of quality and quantity, lack of incentives and conviction on the part of the available staff, the undue emphasis on the acquisition of certificates rather than on the quality of education.

Suggested Possible Solution to Examination Misconduct

In eradication of examination misconduct, Sogbetan (2006) suggested some reasonable solutions that are as follows: He explained that morality should be taught in schools to the missionaries because morality goes with religious feeling. He also went further to explain that examination bodies should make sure that competent and reliable hands are allowed to investigate in examination and should hold any principal, proprietors and invigilators of a school responsible for elected and reported mass examination misconduct at their centre. They should also make sure that question papers tally with number of candidates at each centre and if any extra, it should not be more than five that should be kept with the invigilator. And also anybody involved in the administration of an external examination should be well remunerated so as to act as a check against the temptation of accepting money from candidates. Obanga (2004) State Registrar and Chief Executive of National Business and Technical Examination Board (NABTEB)

Causes of Examination Misconduct

The misconduct of examination has mainly contributed to the overall deterioration of the standard of education in our communities. The misconducts are commonly committed by examination at the pre-conduct and evaluation stages. Different agents are involved and cause examination misconduct:
1.    Parents Involvement: The parents are responsible most of the time in approach to an invigilator or invigilating staff providing bribe and gifts, nepotism also help them a lot.
2.    Student Factors: Inadequate preparation and desire to pass at all cost, poor preparation promotes poor performance supported by society and high expectation by parents.

STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF SOME FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THEIR ACADEMIC

INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
    There is much evidence from the past that there was explosion in population of secondary school students. More teachers were thus needed and government had no option than to organize crash training programme of secondary school teachers from different background. Giving the nature of their training, the teachers may or may not have acquired the necessary competences for teaching in secondary schools. If they did not, their performance could be responsible for poor learning outcomes of secondary school students in Uvwie Local Government Area of Delta State.

Quality of Teaching Staff as a factor for poor accademic performance

Adeyemo (2005) remarks that no profession in Nigeria has suffered reversal of fortune than teaching. This, they submit has affected the commitment expected of the teachers. This then implies that the quality of service rendered by an unmotivated teacher could affect academic achievement of learners. Or how does one explain a situation whereby primary school pupils or secondary school students receive an average of 125 hours and 150 hours of teaching as against 250 hours and 300 hours respectively per term?

Causes of Poor Academic Performance among Secondary School Students

Aremu and Sokan (2003) submit that the search for the causations of poor academic achievement is unending and some of the factors they put forward are; motivational, orientation, self-esteem/self-efficacy, emotional problems, study habits, teacher consultation and poor interpersonal relationships.

Bakare (1994) also made efforts to categorize factors militating against good academic performance into four principal areas which are:

Socio-Economic Status of Homes’ Influence and Female Teaching Aspiration

Socio-economic status or background can be said to be the related income of parents, their occupation, and their level of education. The socio-economic background of a family tells us the social class the family belongs to on the social pyramid and the kind of wealth, rights, obligations, powers, privileges and so on.

Concept of Teaching

The concept of teaching is better described than defined because it has been very difficult to accept as being the best definition. Attempts are made by some authors on their review about teaching. Ezenweani (2002) defined teaching as the ability to guide one to gain knowledge in a classroom setting, the teacher does the work of guiding the learner, through social interactions (student-teacher, student-student) to gain experience that are worthwhile for social living in the larger society. While the teacher does the work of guidance (from the simple meaning of it), the student does the work of an apprentice.

Challenges of Implementing Entrepreneurship Education in Nigeria

Entrepreneurship education leads to acquisition of practical and applied skills and basic scientific knowledge but there are some challenges in implementing entrepreneurship in Nigeria.

-      Insufficient funding

-      Insufficient periods for practical

-      Inadequate laboratory facilities

Factors that Influence Entrepreneurial Success or Failure

A variety of factors influence entrepreneurial success or failure. Mare (1996) identified both external and internal factors that play a role in business success. The external factors include the economic climate, the social and socio-economic environment, politico-legal aspects as well as the international climate. Internal factors are those aspects within the immediate environment of the enterprise,

The Importance of Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship has a tremendously positive impact on the economy and on society. They describe the importance of entrepreneurship in terms of its impact on the economy on society and on larger firms. With regard to economic impact three reasons have been identified with entrepreneurial behaviour has a strong impact on an economy’s strength and stability. The reasons include innovation,

Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs

Entrepreneurs are the economic heroes of modern society. Collectively their drive, energy and perseverance have produced high growth ventures with disproportionate impact on the economy.

Exposition of the Entrepreneur

Exposition of the Entrepreneur

Definition of an Entrepreneur

The importance of entrepreneurship demands on true understanding of the concept entrepreneur. Mare (1996) defines an entrepreneur as a person who initiates new circumstances through innovative action and is able to capitalize on opportunities in their striving to generate wealth. Entrepreneurs can be described as people who have the talent for seeing opportunities into profit making businesses. Entrepreneurs are individuals who recognize opportunities where others see chaos and confusion.

The Entrepreneurship Model

Burch (1986) maintains that at its essence, entrepreneurship is the process of giving birth to a new business. This model illustrates that a variety of components work together to conceive and give birth to a new business. The foundation provides the environment and general support that help foster entrepreneurship.