Saturday 21 March 2015

Meaning of Examination and Examination Malpractice



An exercise designed to examine progress or test qualification or knowledge.  This examination is a process of examining or testing qualification or knowledge.
  The advanced Learners Dictionary defines Examination as a spoken or written test of knowledge.  It is also defined as an act of questioning someone in a court of law.  Therefore examination is an act of questioning written or verbally designed and executed by a person in authority to test knowledge.
Examination: Test, assessment, evaluation. It is an instrument for assessing individuals’ skills and knowledge in general, and specific areas of study and overall academic achievements (Adekale, 1993, p. 20).
Generally, examination can be seen as a formal test of knowledge, skills or ability in a particular subject especially by means of written questions or particular exercise.  There are three types of examination in Nigeria school namely: Selection, grading and promotional examinations.
Examination can also be either internal (conduct by the teacher) or external (conduct by an external body).
Malpractice
Malpractice is a deliberate act of wrong doing contrary to official examination rules and it is designed to place candidates at an unfair advantage or disadvantage.  According to Marian Webster collegiate Dictionary, Malpractice is an injurious negligent or improper practice.
Examination Malpractice
According to University of Port-Harcourt academic policy, examination malpractice can be defined as all forms of cheating which directly or indirectly falsify the ability of the students.
Barnet and Delton (1981) have stated that examination malpractice has been a social problem for most recorded history.
Examination malpractice according to the Advanced Learner’s Dictionary is “The dishonest use of the acquisition of knowledge for personal gain” Obe, (1998, p. 36) said that examination malpractice is  misconduct or improper practice before, during or after any examination by the examiners or others with a view, to obtaining good results, by fraudulent means.
In Nigeria, the first serious outery regarding the menace of examination malpractice was heated from the West Africa School Certificate in 1977.  The Federal Government in 1984 promulgated Degree 20 to impose severe penalties on the examiners and the examiners caught cheating.  Cheating in examination has become so internalized and legitimized among students that some of them regarded it as a normal process of passing examination.


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