SHORTAGE OF QUALIFIED PERSONNEL AS A PROBLEM IN vocational and technical education in Nigeria

Shortage of qualified personnel is a very serious problem in vocational and technical education in Nigeria. The need for technical manpower in the present stage of development is very important as one strive towards being a self reliant nation, no meaningful development can take place without a conscious effort to develop manpower. Most of the graduates from our numerous vocational and technical institutions do not like to teach, they prefer to work in the industry, and those who are ready to teach are most of the time not employed and so they become unemployed.
The effects of this is that some vocational subjects are not offered in schools, while

POOR REMUNERATION OF VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL TEACHERS

This is a serious problem affecting quality in most states in Nigeria teachers salaries, allowances, entitlements are always paid in arrears at times they are denied of these entitlements. This poor remuneration is responsible for the poor attitude to work of some teachers, they go about doing their private businesses instead of concentrating on how to improve teaching and learning in the school. The factors also render vocational teachers ineffective and affect quality teaching (Ebenebe, 1991).

Summary of Literature Review on examination malpractice

The reviewed literature looked at the causes of examination malpractice in Nigeria specifically in Isoko South Local Government Area in which there was generated consequences that examination malpractice has affected academic performance, and such factors, students factors, parental factors etc. also the causes, effects remedies were also discussed. Therefore measure must be taking to curb this menace facing the society at large, all the agents of civilization and socialization must pay and cheating rains.
If measures are not taking, this ugly friend would continue with greater proportion, and in no time, our education sector will college totally, thereby rendering the workforce incompetent and unproductive, and our result will because useless. 

EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: CAUSES, EFFECTS AND THE WAY FORWARD

ABSTRACT
This study examined the causes and effect of Examination malpractice among Secondary School Students in Isoko South Local Government Area of Delta State. Five research questions were raised and three hypothesis were formulated to guide the study. The descriptive survey was adopted, the sample was made up of (150) hundred and fifty both students and teachers. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The reliability co-efficient of the instrument was 0.83 using Pearson moment correlation coefficient, while three experts carried out the face and content validation. The three hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Sample percentages were employed and the t-test was used to test the hypothesis. The study revealed that deviant behaviours like cultism, riot, and truancy e.t.c. causes examination malpractice that affect the general quality and standard of our educational system. Based on the findings, conclusions were made and the researcher recommended that school should be established strict rules regulation to guide against students acts of deviance.

Social and Economic Policy

In a bid to develop the industrial sector of the economy, a policy was enacted. This gave rise to the impact substitution strategy for industrial development. This has had several geographical implications. For example, since most of the industrial inputs were imported there has been a high tendency of concentrating industries in such part cities as Lagos, Port Harcourt, Warri thereby leading to geographical disparities in the distribution of economic activities.

Policy on Natural Resources Development

Nature provides many potential resources, but which of these are eventually developed in what manner and to what extent, depends very much on the government policies and actions. It is the aim of every government to harness and develop the available natural resources in its area of justification. The ideal thing would be for each government to achieve even development of all the available resources. But by its policies, a government may unknowingly promote the development of certain resources to the detriment of others. An over concentration on a few resources may have an adverse effect on the sustained yield of those resources and the stability of the ecosystem as a whole.

Geography as it affects Government Policies

Though it does not a present, constitute separate fields of study in the Nigerian school geography, government policy is significantly implied in a number of ways or topics, particularly in the human geography section.

In the modern system of government characterized by centrally planned political control of the socio-economic order government policies, decisions and actions have great repercussions on geographic government policies are continually changing with the unpredicted minds of men. Thus, the landscape in any are at any given time is the result of not only of current but also of past decision and actions in other factor in the geography of any country.