Contact Allergic Dermatitis- Irritant contact dermatitis (A)
produces red, dry itchy patches usually on the hands, fingers and face. Common
irritants include soap, detergents and skin-cleaning products. Allergic contact
dermatitis (B) produces a red rash, bumps and sometimes blisters.
Dandruff
- an excessive amount of scaly material composed of dead, keratinized
epithelium shed from the scalp that may be a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis
or psoriasis.
Dysmenorrhea - cyclical, lower abdominal or pelvic pain, which may also
radiate to the back and thighs, occurring before and/or during menstruation,
and can be primary or secondary.
Dyspepsia - a chronic or recurrent epigastric (upper abdomen) pain, postprandial fullness or
early satiety of at least 3 months' duration. Other symptoms may also include
bloating or nausea.
Emergency Contraception
Fungal Infections of the Skin
Gastro - esophageal Reflux Disease - troublesome or frequent acid
regurgitation or heartburn (a burning feeling in the stomach or lower chest
rising up to the neck). GERD is also associated with epigastric pain, nausea, dysphagia
(difficulty swallowing) and odynophagia (pain with swallowing). Extra - esophageal
or atypical manifestations of GERD are also possible and include cough, sore
throat, chest pain, hoarseness, shortness of breath and wheezing.
Hemorrhoids - enlarged veins in the anus or lower rectum. They often go
unnoticed and usually clear up after a few days, but can cause long - lasting
discomfort, bleeding and be excruciatingly painful. Hemorrhoids (also called
piles) can be divided into two kinds, internal and external. Internal
hemorrhoids lie inside the anus or lower rectum, beneath the anal or rectal
lining. External hemorrhoids lie outside the anal opening. Both kinds can be
present at the same time.
Herpes Simplex - a disease caused by a herpes simplex virus, characterized
chiefly by a cluster of small, transient blisters (cold sore) at the edge of
the lip or nostril.
Impetigo
- a superficial bacterial infection of the skin, generally caused by
Staphylococcus aureus although Streptococci have also been implicated. It is a
common infection in infants and young children, often presenting around the
nose and mouth.
Mild Acne - an inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair
follicles of the skin that is marked by the eruption of pimples or pustules,
especially on the face.
Mild Headache – Tension headache is the most common type of headache. It
is bilateral and described as a dull ache with a pressing or tightening
sensation across the forehead.
Migraine
is a pulsating and throbbing headache. It may be present with or without aura
(visual disturbances, sensory, motor or language alterations). It is typically
unilateral, affecting one side of the head, although it can be bilateral.
Migraine can be accompanied by any or all of nausea, vomiting, photophobia
(sensitivity to light) or phonophobia (sensitivity to sound).
Pre- disposing factors include
depression, anxiety, head/neck trauma and hormonal changes, such as
menstruation or ovulation.
Mild to Moderate Eczema - A noncontagious inflammation of the skin, characterized
chiefly by redness, itching, and the outbreak of lesions that may discharge
serous matter and become encrusted and scaly, often accompanied by intense
itching or burning.
Mild Urticaria (including bites and stings) - a skin condition
characterized by the formation of itchy red or whitish raised patches, usually
caused by an allergy. Also known as hives.
Minor Joint Pain (arthralgia) - pain in a joint or joints
Minor Muscle Pain (myalgia) – pain or tenderness in a muscle or a group of muscles,
usually diffuse and non - specific.
Minor Sleep Disorders - a disturbance of the normal sleep pattern
Nausea -
A feeling of sickness in the stomach characterized by an urge to vomit.
Nicotine dependence - involves a variety of physical, psychological and behavioural
factors. Nicotine acts as a stimulant, increasing alertness and sense of well -
being as well as heart rate and blood pressure. Due to rapid delivery to the
mesolimbic pleasure - reward system in the brain, nicotine is highly addictive.
With continued use, chemical and biologic changes occur in the brain and
tolerance develops very quickly. Nicotine addiction is characterized by
cravings for continued smoking, a tendency to increase usage and profound
physical and psychological symptoms elicited by withdrawal. Non - infectious
Diarrhea
- Excessive and frequent evacuation of watery feces, usually indicating
gastrointestinal distress or disorder. Oral
Fungal Infection (thrush) - A contagious disease caused by a fungus, Candida
albicans, that occurs most often in infants and children, characterized by
small whitish eruptions on the mouth, throat, and tongue, and usually
accompanied by fever, colic, and diarrhea.
Oral Ulcers (aphthous ulcer) - a blister on the mucous membranes of the
lips or mouth
Threadworms and Pinworms Threadworms - small threadlike worm infesting
human intestines and rectum especially in children.
Pinworms
- a parasitic nematode worm, Enterobius vermicularis, infecting the colon,
rectum, and anus of humans Upper respiratory tract conditions (cough, nasal
congestion and discharge, sore throat, fever, headache, malaise) Urinary Tract
Infection (uncomplicated) - the presence of micro-organisms (for example,
bacteria) in the urinary tract, which includes the urethral opening up to and
including, the kidneys. It has an acute onset with rapid progression of
symptoms which may include some or all of the following -
Dysuria
(painful, burning sensation while urinating), Urgency (sensation
of need to urinate often), increased frequency of passing urine, often with
urgency, Sensation of incomplete bladder emptying, Hematuria (blood in the
urine), Lower abdominal pain or cramping, Malodorous or cloudy urine, Fever,
chills, Nausea and vomiting.
Vaginal Candidiasis- Infection with a fungus of the genus Candida, especially C.albicans,
that usually occurs in the skin and mucous membranes of the mouth, respiratory
tract, or vagina but may invade the bloodstream, especially in immunocompromised
individuals. Warts (excluding facial and genital) - A hard rough lump growing
on the skin, caused by infection with certain viruses and occurring typically
on the hands or feet.
Xerophthalmia (dry eyes) - Extreme dryness and thickening of the
conjunctiva, often resulting from a deficiency of tears, vitamin A
Burns & Scalds
Apply large
quantities of cold water to the affected area as soon as possible and maintain
this until the pain subsides. This may take as long as 15 minutes. If the skin
is broken and blistered, apply a loose, dry dressing. If the burn is larger
than 4 or 5 inches in diameter or if the skin is broken, see the Practice
Nurse.
Chicken Pox
On the first
day a rash appears as small red patches about 3-4mm across. Within a few hours
of these developing, small blisters appear in the centre of these patches.
During the next 3 or 4 days further patches will appear and the earlier ones
will turn ‘crusty’ and fall off. Oily calamine lotion may be applied to soothe
the often severe itching. Cool baths may also help. The most infectious time is
from 2-4 days before the rash appears and up to 5 days after this period.
Children may return to school as soon as the last ‘crusts’ have dropped off.
Colds
Even in this
day and age there is still no magic cure for a viral illness such as the common
cold. Take plenty of fluids. If you have a headache or are feverish, take
Paracetamol (or Apirin in adults only). Do not bother to take any antibiotics
you may have in the house — these will have no effect. Steam and menthol
inhalation will help to relieve nasal congestion and stuffiness.
Coughs
Coughs are
common symptoms and are usually associated with viral illnesses such as colds.
They are the body’s way of clearing bronchial secretions. Over the counter
medications from the chemist will often soothe the symptoms. Soft soothing
drinks will also help relieve sever soreness. If the symptoms persist you
should consult your Doctor.
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