E. coli
In Oshun State of Nigeria, diarrhoeal infection was reported during October and November 1992. This was a seven-fold increase over the same period during 1990-1991. The attack rate was 42% among 778 residents who were surveyed. Female gender and consuming of beef and untreated water were significant risk for this illness. In that investigation E. coli 0157:H7 was discovered from multiple water sources.
Inducing from borehole, a standpipe find water stored at home (Adusonya and Onyekwere, 2000).
In Okaleru Community Ezza North Local Government Area Ebonyi State a case of diarrhea occurred in a family in 2002 where 6 children were infected (five female and 1 male) and 4 died out of the six. The index case was found to be the mother of the kids and was reported that the food that was eaten by three children was with contaminated with E. coli (Ministry of Health, Ebonyi State).
E. coli is a bacterium in the family enterobacteriaceae Galan and Zhau (2003) revealed that approximately 0.1% of total bacteria within an adult intestine is represented by E. coli. The family to which E. coli belong to enterobactericeae is named based on the Greek word enterckos which pertain to the person Escherichia came from name of a person Echerich who is 1985 first isolated and characterized this bacterium (Boyce et al., 200).
E. coli is a facultative anaerobic, gram negative non sporing rod shaped bacteria. They ferment lactose with formation of gas (PrescoH et al., 2004).
E. coli is the best known coliform because it is used to subject for laboratory practies (Talaro and Talaro, 1990)
They establish themselves in the normal intestinal within few days after birth. They are found in water or milk inadequate cook food, faecal contaminated areas. They are world wide distributed bui nnich in luiropc and Canada (Meads et al., 2001). The highest risk is to young children and to immunocompromised people. In America, prominent recent cases occurred in Japan in 2002, over 9,000 cases were reported with about 20 fatalities (Jesenberger et al., 2008).
The pathogen originates from intestine of diary cattle. In 1997, 25 million pounds of burger had to be recalled from supermarkets because of a cluster of cases to one large meat plant in Nebrasks (Meads et al., 2002).
This bacteria normally live in the intestine of people and annual Most strain are quite harmless. However, there are five unique classes of E. coli which is termed entrovirulent E. coli (EEC). They are virulent (extremely noxious) and they include
• Entertoxigenic E. coli (ETEC): This cause a severe diarrheal illness brought about by two exterior termed heal labile toxin (HL) end heat stable toxin (HS) that stimulates heightened and fluid loss.
• Enteroinvasive E. coli (ESEC): Causes on inflammation disease. They invade the intestine to produce severe diarrhoea.
• Entero-pathogcnic E. coli (EI'EC): Cause diarrhoea on break in new barn nurseries.
• Enterohaemorrhaggic E. Coli (EHEC): E. coli 0157 is the subject of this (Takro and Talaro, 2005).
This is one of the most common bacteria found in the gut animals and men E. coli colonized the guts within few days of few hours of birth depending on the species involved.
In human, the intestine can be colonized within 48hrs of birth, E, coli adheres to the mucus overlying the large intestine. They penetrate the cell wall of the colon cusing cell destruction, which lead to infection (Meads et al., 2003).
Clinical syndrome depends on the site and type of infectuion which include dysuria, haematuria, and pyuria, dehydration electrolytic imbalance, painful abdominal cramp nausea, fever etc.
i. Washing of hands with soap and water after handling foods (Barclay et al., 2006).
ii. Put food or beef hamburger in the refrigerator or freezer as soon as possible until ready to eat.
iii. Proper disposal of sewage.
iv. Good personal hygiene (Prescott et al., 2001).
A smear of the culture was made on a clean grease free slide. The film was heat fixed by waring it over a busen flame. The slide was place on a melt- over a single and covered with crystalriolet reagent for one minute. The slide was rinsed in slowly running tap for 5 seconds. The slide was rinsed with grams iodine and flooded same reagent for one minute and it was rinsed against in running tap. Alcohol reagent was applied slowly until no deyrin off from the smear. The smear was covered with safranin reagent for seconds.
The slide was rinsed under slowly running way; it was blot using paper towel and observed using the oil immersion lens of the microscope. Purple or violet colour indicated gram positive while pinla or red indicated gram negative.
In Oshun State of Nigeria, diarrhoeal infection was reported during October and November 1992. This was a seven-fold increase over the same period during 1990-1991. The attack rate was 42% among 778 residents who were surveyed. Female gender and consuming of beef and untreated water were significant risk for this illness. In that investigation E. coli 0157:H7 was discovered from multiple water sources.
Inducing from borehole, a standpipe find water stored at home (Adusonya and Onyekwere, 2000).
In Okaleru Community Ezza North Local Government Area Ebonyi State a case of diarrhea occurred in a family in 2002 where 6 children were infected (five female and 1 male) and 4 died out of the six. The index case was found to be the mother of the kids and was reported that the food that was eaten by three children was with contaminated with E. coli (Ministry of Health, Ebonyi State).
2.4 ETIOLOGY
E. coliE. coli is a bacterium in the family enterobacteriaceae Galan and Zhau (2003) revealed that approximately 0.1% of total bacteria within an adult intestine is represented by E. coli. The family to which E. coli belong to enterobactericeae is named based on the Greek word enterckos which pertain to the person Escherichia came from name of a person Echerich who is 1985 first isolated and characterized this bacterium (Boyce et al., 200).
E. coli is a facultative anaerobic, gram negative non sporing rod shaped bacteria. They ferment lactose with formation of gas (PrescoH et al., 2004).
E. coli is the best known coliform because it is used to subject for laboratory practies (Talaro and Talaro, 1990)
2.5 EPIDEMIOLOGY/TRANSMISSION
E. coliThey establish themselves in the normal intestinal within few days after birth. They are found in water or milk inadequate cook food, faecal contaminated areas. They are world wide distributed bui nnich in luiropc and Canada (Meads et al., 2001). The highest risk is to young children and to immunocompromised people. In America, prominent recent cases occurred in Japan in 2002, over 9,000 cases were reported with about 20 fatalities (Jesenberger et al., 2008).
The pathogen originates from intestine of diary cattle. In 1997, 25 million pounds of burger had to be recalled from supermarkets because of a cluster of cases to one large meat plant in Nebrasks (Meads et al., 2002).
2.6 PATHOGENICITY/VIRULENCE
E. coliThis bacteria normally live in the intestine of people and annual Most strain are quite harmless. However, there are five unique classes of E. coli which is termed entrovirulent E. coli (EEC). They are virulent (extremely noxious) and they include
• Entertoxigenic E. coli (ETEC): This cause a severe diarrheal illness brought about by two exterior termed heal labile toxin (HL) end heat stable toxin (HS) that stimulates heightened and fluid loss.
• Enteroinvasive E. coli (ESEC): Causes on inflammation disease. They invade the intestine to produce severe diarrhoea.
• Entero-pathogcnic E. coli (EI'EC): Cause diarrhoea on break in new barn nurseries.
• Enterohaemorrhaggic E. Coli (EHEC): E. coli 0157 is the subject of this (Takro and Talaro, 2005).
2.7 PATHOGENESIS/CLINICAL SYNDROMS
E. coliThis is one of the most common bacteria found in the gut animals and men E. coli colonized the guts within few days of few hours of birth depending on the species involved.
In human, the intestine can be colonized within 48hrs of birth, E, coli adheres to the mucus overlying the large intestine. They penetrate the cell wall of the colon cusing cell destruction, which lead to infection (Meads et al., 2003).
Clinical syndrome depends on the site and type of infectuion which include dysuria, haematuria, and pyuria, dehydration electrolytic imbalance, painful abdominal cramp nausea, fever etc.
2.9 PREVENTION/CONTROL
E. colii. Washing of hands with soap and water after handling foods (Barclay et al., 2006).
ii. Put food or beef hamburger in the refrigerator or freezer as soon as possible until ready to eat.
iii. Proper disposal of sewage.
iv. Good personal hygiene (Prescott et al., 2001).
3.6 TESTS CARRIED OUT
3.6.1 Gram StainA smear of the culture was made on a clean grease free slide. The film was heat fixed by waring it over a busen flame. The slide was place on a melt- over a single and covered with crystalriolet reagent for one minute. The slide was rinsed in slowly running tap for 5 seconds. The slide was rinsed with grams iodine and flooded same reagent for one minute and it was rinsed against in running tap. Alcohol reagent was applied slowly until no deyrin off from the smear. The smear was covered with safranin reagent for seconds.
The slide was rinsed under slowly running way; it was blot using paper towel and observed using the oil immersion lens of the microscope. Purple or violet colour indicated gram positive while pinla or red indicated gram negative.
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