ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to measure the thickness of the Palmaris longus tendon using ultrasound among young adult male-south eastern population of Nigeria. And to correlate the thickness of the Palmaris longus tendon with other anthropometric parameters such as weight, height, age, body mass index (BM1) and body surface area (BSA). The brightness mode
(B. mode) ultrasound system (Siemens, sonoline SL-1 version 1991) with 7.5 MHZ linear transducer was used to mainly assess the thickness of the muscle tendons. Forty healthy males were recruited for this study, from the pool of students of Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Presco Campus. The age range of the subjects, recruited was 20-30 years. Data collected were analyzed using spss version 18 the findings revealed that the normal Palmaris longus thickness (PMLT) is 21.17+ 22.5mm (range 18- 100mm) and does riot correlate with (r = 0.365, P <0.01) BMI (r = 0.276) P<0.05. The study also revealed that there was no significant correlation between any of the anthropometric parameters and the thickness of the Palmaris longus (P = 0.05). This means that none of the anthropometric parameters has effect on the thickness of Palmaris lonsus. Among the people of the area of study with the age bracket aforementioned. The knowledge of the Palmaris longus thickness PMLT could be applied in physiotherapy, musculoskeletal therapy and in sports medicine as a functional guide, and biofeedback tool in the functional retraining of the Palmaris longus muscle.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page - - - - - - - - - - i
Certification - - - - - - - - - - ii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - - iii
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - -
iv
Table of Contents - - - - - - - - -
vi
List of Table - - - - - - - - - - ix
List of Figure - - - - - - - - - - x
Abstract - - - - - - - - - - -
xi
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER ONE
1.1
Background - - - - - - - - - 1
1.2
Objectives - - - - - - - - - -
6
1.3 Statement
of Problem - - - - - - - 7
1.4
Significance of Study - - - - - - -
7
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Gross
Anatomy of the Palmaris Longus - - - -
9
2.1.1
Identification and Side Determination of Palmaris
Longus Tendon
- - - - - - - - -10
2.2 Formation
of Palmar Aponeurosis - - - - - 13
2.2.1
Structure - - - - - - - - - 13
2.2.2 Lateral
and Medial Portion - - - - - -
15
2.3 Innervations of the Palmaris Longus - - - - - 15
2.4 Palmaris Longus
Vasculature - - - - - -
16
2.5 Variation of the
Palmaris Longus Muscle - - - -
16
2.5.1
Bilateral Reversed Palmaris Longus Muscle - - - 17
2.6
Prevalence of the Absence of the Plamaris Longus
Muscle - - - - - - - - - - -
19
2.7 Force of Gripping of the Palmaris Longus Muscle - - 20
2.8 Biomechanical
Importance - - - - - -
22
2.9 Role of
Palmaris Longus in Climbing - - - -
24
2.10
Functions of the Palmaris Longus - - - - - 25
2.11 Mechanism of Action - - - - - - - 27
2.12 Palmaris
Longus Condition - - - - - -
27
2.13 Palmaris
Longus Treatment - - - - - -
28
2.13.1 Use of
Palmaris Longus in Tendon Grafts - - - 28
2.14 Uses of Palmaris
Longus in the Treatment of
Dupuytrens
Contracture - - - - - - - 30
2.15 Indicators for
Treatment of Palmaris Longus - - - 30
2.16 Median Nerve Mistaken
for Palmaris Longus
Tendon Restoration of Function with Sensory Nerve - - 33
2.17 Palmaris Longus Test
- - - - - - -
33
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Study Design - - - - - - - - -
36
3.1.1 Participants - - - - - - - - -
36
3.1.2 Study Area - - - - - - - - -
37
3.1.3 Study
Centre - - - - - - - - - 38
3.2 Instrumentation - - - - - - - - 38
3.2.1 Research Protocol - - - - - - - - 39
3.2.2.
Scanning Procedure - - - - - - - 39
3.2.2.2 Anthropopmetric Measurements - - - - - 43
3.2.2.2.1
Height - - - - - - - - - 43
3.2.2.2.2
Weight - - - - - - - -
43
3.3 Data Analysis - - - - - - - - -
44
3.4 Ethical
Approval - - - - - - - -
44
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION
References- - - - - - - - - - 57
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Descriptive statistics of the
parameters - - - 47
Table 2: Correlations of anthropometric
variable with
Palmaris
longus muscle thickness - - - - - -
48
Table 3: 95% Confidence interval for normal
Palmaris
longus muscle
thickness - - - - - - - 49
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