ABSTRACT
Cholera has persisted in Abakaliki Metropolis since its recent outbreak. Etiological studies suggest that the natural habitat of V. cholerae is the aquatic environment. Its ability to survive within and outside the aquatic environment makes cholera a complex health problem to manage. Once the disease is introduced in a population, several environmental factors may lead to prolonged transmission and secondary cases. An important environmental factor that predisposes individuals to cholera infection is sanitation. In this study, we exploit the importance of two main spatial measures of sanitation in cholera transmission in an urban city, Abakaliki.
These are proximity and density of refuse dumps within a community. A spatial statistical modelling carried out to determine the spatial dependency of cholera prevalence on refuse dumps show that, there is a direct spatial relationship between cholera prevalence and density of refuse dumps, and an inverse spatial relationship between cholera prevalence and distance to refuse dumps. The results suggest that proximity and density of open space refuse dumps play a contributory role in cholera infection in Abakaliki. However a buffer analysis also showed that the minimum distance within which refuse dumps should not be sited within community centres is 500 m.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
page - - - - - - - - - i
Certification - - - - - - - - - ii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - iii
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - iv
Table
of contents - - - - - - - - v
List
of Table - - - - - - - - - viii
Abstract - - - - - - - - - ix
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - 1
1.1
Aims and Objective - - - - - - - 2
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0
Literature Review - - - - - - - - 3
2.1 Biology of Housefly - - - - - - - 4
2.1.1 Morphology - - - - - - - - 4
2.1.2 Ecology - - - - - - - - - 5
2.1.3 Impacts on Ecosystem - - - - - - - 6
2.1.4 Diseases and Parasites - - - - - - - 7
2.1.5 Life Cycle - - - - - - - - 8
2.1.6 Reproduction - - - - - - - - 9
2.1.7 Risk - - - - - - - - - 11
2.1.8 Relationship with Humans - - - - - - 12
2.1.9 Potential in Waste
Management - - - - - 13
2.1.10 Sex Determination - - - - - - - 14
2.1.11 Aging - - - - - - - - - 14
2.2 Background Description of
Cholera - - - - - 15
2.2.1 Pathogenesis - - - - - - - - 16
2.2.2 Epidemiology - - - - - - - - 16
2.2.3 Diagnosis - - - - - - - - 17
2.2.4 Clinical Manifestation - - - - - - - 18
2.2.5 Treatment and Control - - - - - - - 18
2.2.6 Ecology - - - - - - - - - 20
2.2.7 Factors Affecting Reoccurrence of Cholera - - - - 20
2.2.8 Isolation and Identification - - - - - 22
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