DISTANT LIBRARY: Role of Palmaris Longus in Climbing

Thursday 7 July 2016

Role of Palmaris Longus in Climbing

Lack of Qualified and Motivated Biology Teachers

A research study was conducted to look into the presence of a muscle and tendon group known as Palmaris longus it is located in the wrist and is absent in roughly 16% of the UK population, it is also found in mammals, particularly those whose forearm is often utilized in climbing such as the orangutan, this suggests that Palmaris longus may potentially be of benefit in climbing and now not found in all humans through the forces of evolution and natural selection,

this also raises the question, what makes a good climber? This is likely to be a combination of many factors including strength, experience, technique, stamina and build. What is not clear is the extent of the role that strength plays in this clearly there are specific problems which require a certain level of strength to complete but obviously just being strong will only get you so far it is unclear if Palmaris longus plays any role in increased strength. There have been previous research studies looking into the role Palmaris longus plays in increased grip and pinch strength four in 418 participants no differences in grip and pinch strength were found between these who do not.

However a problem with his study is that the population they looked at were randomly chosen and are therefore not reflective of a population who engage in high impact and strenuous sports such as climbing in such sports a high level of stress is placed through the wrist where the presence of pamaris longus may facilitate group and pinch strength. The Palmaris longus tendon is also of clinical importance as it is regularly used in graft surgery where evidence to date suggests that the procedure does not result in any loss of strength in the hand (3-5) we aimed to examine the effect if any that Palmaris longus on climbing ability and to add further information about the prevalence of Palmaris logus with in a general population (Thompson et al 2001).

Functions of the Palmaris Longus:

The Palmaris longus muscle is one of the five muscles that acts at the wrist joint the Palmaris longus muscle is a long muscle that runs to the palm and activates flexibility at the wrist-muscles assist in movement blood flow speed, heat production. Body sparing and the protection of some internal organs how muscles attach depends on the function arid location and may attach directly to skin or bone, tendons attach bone to muscle ligaments attach bone to bone.

Aponeurosis is a strong connective tissue that connects muscle' to muscle or muscle to skin attachment the two ends of a skeletal muscles attachment are insertion and origin the insertion end is the part that attaches to moveable bone that will move when contracted the Palmaris longus muscle starts near the blow and runs across the middle of the forearm, where it inserts on the palmar aponeurosis, the Palmaris the palmars longus muscle is absent in approximately 14% of the population but has no effect on frightening and clenching ability when present, the Palmaris longus muscle is variable at the palm side of the wrist when of flexed. (Troha et al., 1990).

Mechanism of Action

The palmais longus muscle is a weak flexor of the wrist and elbow, it frightens palmar aponeurosis during power grip (Werner. 2012).

Palmaris Longus Condition

Duputytrens contracture is progressively disorder characterized by localized thickening and contracture of palmar Aponeurosis. Thus the consequences rendered by the presence of Anomalous multiple tendinous insertion of Palmaris longus may be associated with the symptoms of Dupuytrcns contracture,
Guyon's canal syndrone due to Accessory Palmaris longus muscles: Actiological classification, Accessory muscles and anatomial variations as well described at the Guyon's canal, it differs from the rest due to rapidity of worsening of symptoms in few months following use of cane with existing anatomical variants pressure in Guyon's canal might rapidly increase might be a causative factor and cause compression of the deep branch of ulnar nerve following frequent dorsiflexion of the wrist like in our case following division of accessory Palmaris longus symptoms rapidly improved (Handa et al., 1960).
Palmaris longus variations which have; been classified as:

a. Complete Agenesis

b. Variation in location and form of its fleshy part

c. Aberrancy of attachment at its origin or insertion.

d. Duplication and triplication

e. Accessory slips and

f. Replacing elements of a similar form or position (Waystaffe et al, 1875).

Palmaris Longus Treatment

Use of Palmaris Longus in Tendon Grafts

The Palmaris longus muscle is the most popular for use in tendon grafts for the wrist due to the length and diameter of the Palmaris longus tendon and the fact that it can be used without producing any functional deformities, when a tendon becomes ruptured in the wrist, the Palmaris longus tendon may be removed from the flexor retinaculum and grafted to take the place of the ruptured tendon the tendons most commonly replaced or supplemented by the Palmaris longus tendon when ruptured are the long flexors of the fingers and the flexor policis longus tendon. The Palmaris longus muscle itself is a weak flexor and provides non substantial flexing force that would inhibit movement in the wrist. Its tendon was cut and moved else where.

If the Palmaris longus muscle is not available for Harvesting in an individual and anatomically analogous plantaris muscle in the leg may be taken instead, using the patients own tendon is a advantageous as it does not introduce foreign material into the body. (Sebastin et al, 2005).

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