Malaria vaccines

Scientist are studying malaria vaccines to see weather the vaccines are effectively preventing malaria infection. To date there is no strong evidence that these vaccines are effective. Work continues of improving vaccines for malaria prevention

How to treat a patient with malaria

1. The species of the infecting parasites: if one as infected with plasmodium falcipairium life threatening complications can develop rapidly. Infections caused by one of the three species of making are rarely lie-threatening.
2. The density of parasites: if the percentage of red blood cells infected (parasite density) is over 50%s treatment may include medications given directly into a vein (1.1) rather than take by mouth.
3. The clinical status of the patient: one is at great risk for developing complication if one is pregnant elderly, very young or has weak immune system.

Clinical Manifestation of Malaria

Clinical Manifestation of Malaria

The clinical manifestation of malaria depends on species. However, the clinical manifestation of malaria depends on species, however, the incubation period is between 9-37 days varying with the species involved.

Plasmodium falciparium 9-14 days

Plasmodium malariae 18-37 days

People's Perspectives about Malaria

People's Perspectives about Malaria

People have difference perspectives about malaria in June and July 2007, medical student spent six weeks in malaria village in torro, Eastern Uganda listening to w hat villagers knows about malaria after which they designed on educational programme to fill gaps in the people's knowledge. Some misconceptions have been held such as mangoes cause malaria. This was an indication that people had not received correct information on how malaria spreads.

EVALUATION OF MALARIA IN PREGNANCY AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINIC AT FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE ABAKALIKI 2

EVALUATION OF MALARIA IN PREGNANCY AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINIC AT FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE ABAKALIKI 

Statement of the Problem

Malaria is one of the leading cause of maternal and prenatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries, Nigeria is not excluded (Okeke et al., 2005).

EVALUATION OF MALARIA IN PREGNANCY AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINIC AT FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE ABAKALIKI

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was evaluate malaria among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Abakaliki metropolis. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. A convenience method of sampling was sued to select 80 pregnant women from federal medical centre Abakaliki metropolis. A validated question naira constructed by the research

STARCH CONTENT DETERMINATION FROM CASSAVA SAMPLES

Starch is a soft, white and tasteless powder that is insoluble in cold water, alcohol or other solvents. Starch is one of the most abundant substance in nature, a renewable and unlimited resource. Starch is produced from grains or root crops. Starch is the main constituent of cassava and about 25% starch may be obtained from matured and

BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRAM

2.0 INTRODUCTION
The biotechnology program comprises of four sub-units namely:
i Carotene laboratory unit
ii Plant tissue culture laboratory unit
iii Biotechnology field work unit
iv Molecular Breeding unit.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

Specifically, the objectives of the students industrial Works experience Scheme are to:

1. Provide an avenue for students in the Nigerian universities to acquire industrial skills and experience in their course of study; 
2. Prepare students for the work situation they are likely to meet after graduation.
3. Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machinery that may not be available in the universities.

AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES (AQUATIC ROBOTS) USED IN MONITORING AND DETECTING HARMFUL ALGAE BLOOMS

There are some autonomous plate forms used for detecting and monitoring harmful algae bloom. These plate forms can be equipped with a wide range of sensors and varying levels of autonomy. Environmental sensory networks will often employ a combination of severs different plate forms to achieve the best results (Mellinger, 2012). Some of this autonomous

Accurate Geo-Referencing Method for AUV s for Oceanographic Sampling

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

There is no definition of robots that satisfied everyone and many people have their own. For example, Joseph Engelberger a pioneer in industrial robotics once remarked. I can’t define a robot, but I know one when I see one”. The first definition or robot on “The American Heritage dictionary” states “Robot is a mechanical device that sometimes resembles a human and is capable of performing a variety of often complex human task on command or by being programmed in advance. Another definition of robot according to tech target states that robot

Prevention and control of Diagnosis of Escherichia coli

E. coli infections and diseases can be prevented and controlled through the following ways: E. coli infections and diseases can be controlled by Washing of hands before and after cooking of foods, Avoiding cross contamination of food substances or stuffs; Constant keeping food in the refrigerator or to frozen; Ensuring that foods is kept at appropriate temperature;

Clinical Manifestation of Escherichia coli

According to (Groopman, 2008), most E.coli strains do not cause disease but virulence strains can cause gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections and neonatal meningitis. It can also be characterized by severe abdominal cramps, diarrhea that typically turns bloody within 24 hours and sometimes fever. In rare cases, virulent strains are also responsible for bowel necrosis (tissue death)

Associates of Enteric Bacteria with Aquarium Snail

It is important to note that the aquarium snail contains bacteria that can cause infections to man when the snail meat is not properly cooked and when the processing is not done under sanitized condition (Fagbuaro et al., 2006). Aquarium snails are found majorly in southern parts of Nigeria, North African coast area, Central and South Africa where the weather is most favourable for their proliferation (Herbert et al., 2001).

Feeds and Feeding of Snails (Aquarium Snails)

Snail Eggs:  

Generally, the eggs of snails are lemon yellow in colour and resemble small bird’s eggs.  The eggs hatch usually within 30 days.  Young adult snails lay more eggs than old ones. Where to get snails for your farm: The farmer can gather wild snails from nearby bushes for use in his farm.  He could also buy from people who gather and sell wild snails.  Snails could equally be bought from another snail farmer in his locality.  

Snail Farming

According to Awa (2003), snail farming is the rearing of snails in captivity.  The snails are confined in an enclosure and most of their requirements like feed; water and lime are supplied on a regular basis by the farmer.  On maturity, the snails are harvested, processed and consumed by the farmer or sold.  Since the seasonality of supply of snails from the wild limits their use for meat on a continuous basis, the need for organized small or large scale snail farming has become imperative. There are two main systems of snail farming.  These are indoor and outdoor systems. 

PREVALENCE OF ENTERIC BACTERIA (Escherichia coli & Klebsiella SPECIES) IMPLICATED WITH FRESH WATER AQUARIUM SNAILS (Achatina achatina) SOLD AT VARIOUS MARKETS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Snail is a common name which is applied to most of the members of the molluscan class gastropoda that have coiled shells in the adult stage (Fredericks, 2010). When the word is used in its most general sense, it includes sea Snails, land snails and freshwater snails. The word snail without any qualifier is however more often applied to land snails than to those from the sea or freshwater. However, some species of snails called aquarium snail are often found in the aquatic habitat with a coiled shell (Fredericks, 2010). 

PREVALENCE OF ENTERIC BACTERIA (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella SPECIES) IMPLICATED WITH FRESH WATER AQUARIUM SNAILS (Achatina achatina) SOLD AT VARIOUS MARKETS.

ABSTRACT

A total of 37 snail samples of Giant Africa Land Snail (Achatina achatina) were obtained from four different markets in Abakaliki metropolis. The snail samples were processed using microbiological standard and biochemical tests to confirm the presence of isolates that were implicated. The study revealed the presence of (E. coli and Klebsiella species of bacteria were isolated. They include 24 Escherichia coli with the percentage of 64.86 and 13 Klebsiella species with the percentage of