According to (Groopman, 2008), most E.coli strains do not cause disease but virulence strains can cause gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections and neonatal meningitis. It can also be characterized by severe abdominal cramps, diarrhea that typically turns bloody within 24 hours and sometimes fever. In rare cases, virulent strains are also responsible for bowel necrosis (tissue death)
2.7.1 Methods of Diagnosis of Escherichia coli
Infection with E.coli 0157:H7 or other shiga toxin-producing E.coli is usually confirmed by the detection of the bacteria in a stool specimen from an infected individual. The diagnosis include: culture, pure culture, different biochemical tests and the use of macular diagnosis.
2.7.2 Treatment of Diagnosis of Escherichia coli
The mainstay of treatment is the assessment of dehydration and replacement of fluid and electrolytes. Administration of antibiotics has been shown to shorten the course of illness and during of excretion of ETEC in adults in endemic areas and in traveler’s diarrhea. The antibiotic used depends upon susceptibility patterns in the particular geographical region. Currently, the antibiotics of choice are fluoroquinolones or azithromycin with an emerging role for rifaximin.
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