There are numerous factors that greatly
affect the academic performance of secondary school student, there include
parental background (e.g. Level of education, socio-economic status, parental
occupation and other social factors.
1.1.
Parental
Background
Parents have been the major person
involved in raising children in every society. That is why the home is
recognized as a important agent of socialization
Adekeyi (2002) observes that it is
mainly through their efforts and abilities that children are socialized to become
productive citizen
Background:This
can be refers to as the foundation of the individual or where he or she comes
from
Parental
background: This is a collective terminology
comprising of social status, economic status, family size, family structure, parents
educational level occupation and other factor pertaining to family life,Shetze,
(2001). Parental background in the context of this study refers to family
structure, parental occupation and parental level of education. By family
structure is whether the family is monogamous or polygamous.
1.2.
Parental
Background andStudents’ Academic Performance
Parental education is an important
aspect of the socio-economic status of school student because it is expected
that parental background and student educations are significantly correlated.
Peter and Mullis (2007) concluded that
parental education had a significant effect on academic performance of the
student. The mother’s education level had a 20% higher effect than the father’s
education level on the academic performance of adolescent. According to Earmon
(2005) mother education affect the academic performance of the student.
The children of highly educated mothers
obtain higher test score. Caldas and Bamkson (2007) found out that parental
educational background and occupational status had significant effect on
academic performance than family income alone.
2.6. Home
Environments and Student’s Academic Performance
It is clear that home environment play a
very important role in a student’s educational development.
The home environment is considered as
the main contributor of socio-economic background that affects reading outcomes.
The home environment makes the largest
contribution to the prediction of student academic performance. Rollins and
Thomas (2009) found that high parental control were associated with high
performance
A study by Niebuhr (2010) examines
relationships between several variable and student academic performance in
secondary school. His findings suggest that element of both school climate and
home environment have a stronger effect on student academic performance.
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