Communication is defined as the process by which
information is used between individuals and or organizations by means of
previously agreed symbols (Little, 1981). It is the exchange of meaning between
individuals through a common system of symbols. Communication can therefore be
said to be the transfer of information from a sender to a receiver with the
intent of the information to be understood by the receiver (Koontz et al,
1984). Kolawole and Akinyele (2002) remarked that communication involves all the
methods, means and media of communication; all the channels networks, and
systems of communication; and all person-to-person exchange. It is therefore
not excluded to all aspects of information flow (vertical, horizontal, diagonal
or semi-vertical) and various communication skills. According to Unuigbe (2002)
communication is a process which includes all arts of transmitting message to
channels which link people, to the language and symbol codes which are used to
transmit message, the means by which messages are received and stored, the
rules, customs, conventions which define and regulate human relationship and
event.
It
therefore implies that communication involves sending and receiving messages,
information, ideas, instructions or intentions and is therefore necessary for
linking together the various departments, programmes, activities and services
in an organization. It is a meaningful interaction and exchange of information,
feelings, ideas and signs among members of a group. Admittedly, Myers and Myers
(1980) are of the opinion that communication is the most vital management tool
in decision making, achieving organizational goals and obtaining feedback;
hence it is said to be the thread that holds the various interdependent parts
of an organization together. Ubeku (1975) affirmed that one communicate in work
situation when he passes relevant information to persons who need to know and
are in position to use the information because it affects his work. In this
regard, it is therefore positive to present communication as the provision and
passing of information and instruction enabling an organization to achieve its
set goals and the staff being well informed of management plans and policies.
Communication
in general terms is seen as a process during which message is conceived by a
sender, encoded and relayed via a particular route to the receiver who then
decodes and interpret it and finally confirms to the sender that it has been
understood (Soola, 1998). It therefore goes to show that for communication to
take place various methods are used including face-to-face and in writings
whose major goal is changing the consciousness and behaviour of the message
encoder and decoder to the extent that the decoder responds with feedback to
the sender. Unuigbe (2002) averred that there is need for link between the
encoder through the channels before an effective feedback can is achieved.
In
communication, the ultimate goal is for the receiver to successfully decode the
sender’s coded message and send positive feedback to suggest that his/her
subsequent is congruent with the shared experience contained in the
communicated message (Uka, 1999). In this stead, it could be said that
communication is the transfer of information form one person to another to make
certain that their thoughts are
completely understood as effective communication is extremely important
for managers because it is the necessary process by which the management
function of planning, organizing, leading and controlling is established. It is
the lubricant which makes the machinery of management function smoothly (Ogochukwu
and Uzoamah, 2002).
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